The single-pulse phase method is similar to the amplitude method.
On the difference characteristic, two characteristics are used, the only difference being that they are oriented in the same direction. The signals received by the two antennas will have the same amplitude but different phases.
The angular error is obtained by measuring the phase shift of the signals received by the two antennas.
! The single-pulse method applied to determine both angular coordinates β and ε uses 3 directivity characteristics:
-Σ (sum);
-ΔAZ (delta azimuth);
-ΔEL (elevation delta).
-so in each plan we will have a characteristic sum and a characteristic difference. This results in three received signals, called single-pulse signals.
To obtain the three single-pulse signals, the reflector antennas use four primary sources. In the case of antenna networks, the entire network is divided into four zones: A, B. C and D.
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The three signals are obtained by summing or subtracting the signals received from each primary source or each area of the antenna network as follows:
Σ = A + B + C + D
ΔAZ = (A + C) - (B + D)
ΔEL = (A + B) - (C + D)
The value and sign of the two difference signals are proportional to the angular deviation of the target from the optical axis of the antenna in the two planes. This accurately calculates the two angular coordinates of the target.
A number of four circuits are required to obtain the three single-pulse signals hybrid.
- HYBRID CIRCUIT (CIH): electronic circuit made of individual devices, such as semiconductor devices (transistors, diodes or monolithic ICs) and passive components (resistor, inductor, transformer, capacitor), connected to a substrate or printed circuit board (PCB).
! The distance is simply calculated from the delay time of the echo signal. Knowing the distance and the elevation angle you can easily calculate the force and the height of the target.